Etudes scientifiques en Chrono-biologie
Chrononutrition in the management of diabetes
The contribution of these eating patterns to cardiometabolic disease has been increasingly explored in nutritional epidemiology. Observational studies have found that, independent of energy intake and physical activity, the timing of food intake can influence weight gain.4 In particular, consuming a higher percentage of daily energy intake during the evening has been associated with cardiometabolic syndrome and obesity.5 Assessment of the 1946 British Birth Cohort observed a higher prevalence of hypertension in those eating a greater percentage of their energy intake in the evening compared to the morning.6 This finding supports the positive association found between breakfast frequency and reduced cardiometabolic risk.”
Christiani Jeyakumar Henry, Bhupinder Kaur & Rina Yu Chin Quek
Chrono-nutrition a new dietary dimension
Chrono-nutrition is an emerging field of nutritional science that aims to develop understanding of how when we eat may impact on our health. Dietitians are well placed to investigate important research gaps in the role of chrono-nutrition in different patient groups. For example, how do different eating patterns in people with diabetes influence glucose control, and can the timing of enteral nutrition regimes impact on dietetic outcomes? “
Association of United kingdom Dietetitians
Dr Rachel Gibson RD
Sleep and dietary habits in the urban environment: the role of chrono-nutrition
The urban environment has changed vastly over past decades, which also has had an impact on our sleep and dietary patterns and possibly health outcomes. Some studies have shown that sleep duration and sleep quality has declined over past decades, especially in children. In parallel, our lifestyle and dietary patterns have also changed including more shift work, more meals outside the home or family setting and more irregular eating patterns, including breakfast skipping and late-night eating. This new area of research in nutritional sciences studying the impact of the timing of eating on health outcomes is called chrono-nutrition, and combines elements from nutritional research with chrono-biology. The objectives of this paper were to discuss secular trends in sleep patterns and related dietary patterns, introduce basic concepts and mechanisms of chrono-nutrition and discuss the evidence for the importance of sleep and chrono-nutrition in relation to health outcomes. Overall, chrono-nutrition could mediate the effects between sleep, diet and urbanisation, and more research is needed to elucidate the importance of chrono-nutrition for metabolic health and its impact on public health.”
Keywords: Chrono-nutrition; Public health; Sleep; Urban environment.
National Library of Medicine USA.gov Gerda K Pot
Chrono-Nutrition: Relationship between Time-of-Day Energy, Macronutrient Intake and Children’s Body Weight
The time of eating has been considered to have an important role in weight regulation. However, it is unknown if there are specific daily patterns of energy and macronutrient distribution that could be more beneficial for metabolic outcomes, especially obesity. This study aimed to assess the effect of time-of-day energy and macronutrient intake at 4 y of age on the weight status at 7 y of age. The study sample included 1961 children from the population-based birth cohort Generation XXI, with data on 3-day food diaries at 4 y and body mass index (BMI) z-scores at 7 y. Dietary patterns based on the collected data were obtained for the distribution of energy and macronutrients across eating occasions. Having a relatively higher energy intake at lunch and supper (OR = 1.19, 95% CI = 1.05 to 1.34) or at mid-afternoon (OR = 1.18, 95% CI = 1.05 to 1.34) at 4 y was associated with higher odds of becoming overweight/obese at 7 y. A relatively higher intake of fat at lunch was positively associated with later children’s odds for being overweight or obese (OR = 1.17, 95% CI = 1.03 to 1.32). These associations were independent of the effect on children’s eating behaviors related to appetite. Our results also show a detrimental relation between skipping breakfast and eating late in the day and children’s body weight.”
Keywords: childhood obesity; chrono-nutrition; cohort studies; macronutrients; meal patterns; meal timing.
National Library of Medicine USA.gov Sofia Vilela 1, Andreia Oliveira, Milton Severo , Carla Lopes
Chrono-nutrition and chrono-exercise
The circadian rhythm controls many physiological functions, such as feeding, motor activity, endocrine secretion and autonomic nerve. Regular feeding pattern can entrain the peripheral circadian clock, whereas peripheral clock systems can control the absorption distribution, metabolism and excretion of nutrients, suggesting mutual interactions between circadian clocks and nutrition/food. The interactions were so-called by “chrono-nutrition”, and bigger meals for breakfast were good for entrainment of peripheral clock and protection of obesity. Similar to chrono-nutrition the timing of exercise (“chrono-exercise”) is important for both entrainment signals and energy expenditure. Evening exercise and/or feeding then exercise was good timing exercise for protection of obesity. Taken all, it is suggested that timing of feeding and exercise is now one of key factors for metabolic syndrome”
Nihon Rinsho . 2013 Dec;71(12):2194-9.
Shigenobu Shibata , Hiroyuki Sasaki , Yuko Ikeda
The Big Breakfast Study : Chrono-nutrition influence on energy expenditure and bodyweight
Recent studies in humans have shown that ingested calories are apparently utilised more efficiently in the morning than in the evening and this is manifest through improved weight loss, even under iso-energetic calorie intake. The mechanisms behind this enhanced morning energy metabolism are not yet clear, although it may result from behavioural adaptations or circadian driven variations in physiology and energy metabolism. A major objective of the newly funded Big Breakfast Study therefore is to investigate the mechanistic basis of this amplified morning thermogenesis leading to enhanced weight loss, by exploring behavioural and physiological adaptations in energy expenditure alongside the underlying circadian biology.”
Keywords: breakfast; chrono‐nutrition; circadian rhythms; energy balance; meal timing; weight loss.
Nutr Bull, 2018 Jun;43(2):174-183. doi: 10.1111/nbu.12323. Epub 2018 May 8.